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Dionysius the Renegade
Dionysius the Renegade ((ギリシア語:Διονύσιος ὁ Μεταθέμενος); c. 330 – c. 250〔Tiziano Dorandi, ''Chapter 2: Chronology'', in Algra et al. (1999) ''The Cambridge History of Hellenistic Philosophy'', page 50. Cambridge.〕), also known as Dionysius of Heraclea, was a Stoic philosopher and pupil of Zeno of Citium who, late in life, abandoned Stoicism when he became afflicted by terrible pain.
==Life==
He was the son of Theophantus. In early life he was a disciple of Heraclides, Alexinus, and Menedemus, and afterwards of Zeno, who appears to have induced him to adopt Stoicism.〔Diogenes Laërtius, vii. 166〕 At a later time he was afflicted with terrible eye pain,〔Diogenes Laërtius, vii. 37, 166; Cicero, ''Tusculan Disputations'', ii. 25〕 which caused him to abandon Stoic philosophy, and to join the Cyrenaics, whose doctrine, that hedonism and the absence of pain was the highest good, had more charms for him than the austere ethics of Stoicism.〔Diogenes Laërtius, vii. 167〕 This renunciation of his former philosophical creed drew upon him the nickname of ''The Renegade'' ((ギリシア語:μεταθέμενος, ''Metathemenos'')). During the time that he was a Stoic, he was praised for his modesty, abstinence, and moderation, but afterwards he was described as a person greatly given to sensual pleasures. He died, in his eightieth year, of voluntary starvation.〔
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